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Applied longitudinal analysis

By: Fitzmaurice, Garrett MContributor(s): Laird, Nan M | Ware, James HSeries: Wiley series in probability and statisticsPublication details: Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, 2011Edition: 2nd edDescription: xxv, 701 p. : ill. ; 25 cmISBN: 9780470380277Subject(s): Biometry - methods | Longitudinal methods | Multivariate analysis | Regression analysis | Medical statisticsDDC classification: 519.53 Summary: Summary: "Since the publication of the first edition, the authors have solicited feedback from both the instructors who use the book as a text for their courses as well as the researchers who use the book as a resource for their research. Thus, the improved Second Edition of Applied Longitudinal Analysis features many additions and revisions based on the feedback of readers, making it the go-to reference for applied use in public health, epidemiology, and pharmaceutical sciences"
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contents note:

pt. I Introduction to Longitudinal and Clustered Data
1.Longitudinal and Clustered Data
1.1.Introduction
1.2.Longitudinal and Clustered Data
1.3.Examples
1.4.Regression Models for Correlated Responses
1.5.Organization of the Book
1.6.Further Reading
2.Longitudinal Data: Basic Concepts
2.1.Introduction
2.2.Objectives of Longitudinal Analysis
2.3.Defining Features of Longitudinal Data
2.4.Example: Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children Trial
2.5.Sources of Correlation in Longitudinal Data
2.6.Further Reading
Problems
pt. II Linear Models for Longitudinal Continuous Data
3.Overview of Linear Models for Longitudinal Data
3.1.Introduction
3.2.Notation and Distributional Assumptions
3.3.Simple Descriptive Methods of Analysis
3.4.Modeling the Mean
3.5.Modeling the Covariance
3.6.Historical Approaches
3.7.Further Reading
4.Estimation and Statistical Inference
4.1.Introduction
Contents note continued: 4.2.Estimation: Maximum Likelihood
4.3.Missing Data Issues
4.4.Statistical Inference
4.5.Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) Estimation
4.6.Further Reading
5.Modeling the Mean: Analyzing Response Profiles
5.1.Introduction
5.2.Hypotheses Concerning Response Profiles
5.3.General Linear Model Formulation
5.4.Case Study
5.5.One-Degree-of-Freedom Tests for Group by Time Interaction
5.6.Adjustment for Baseline Response
5.7.Alternative Methods of Adjusting for Baseline Response
5.8.Strengths and Weaknesses of Analyzing Response Profiles
5.9.Computing: Analyzing Response Profiles Using PROC MIXED in SAS
5.10.Further Reading
6.Modeling the Mean: Parametric Curves
6.1.Introduction
6.2.Polynomial Trends in Time
6.3.Linear Splines
6.4.General Linear Model Formulation
6.5.Case Studies
6.6.Computing: Fitting Parametric Curves Using PROC MIXED in SAS
6.7.Further Reading
Contents note continued: 7.Modeling the Covariance
7.1.Introduction
7.2.Implications of Correlation among Longitudinal Data
7.3.Unstructured Covariance
7.4.Covariance Pattern Models
7.5.Choice among Covariance Pattern Models
7.6.Case Study
7.7.Discussion: Strengths and Weaknesses of Covariance Pattern Models
7.8.Computing: Fitting Covariance Pattern Models Using PROC MIXED in SAS
7.9.Further Reading
8.Linear Mixed Effects Models
8.1.Introduction
8.2.Linear Mixed Effects Models
8.3.Random Effects Covariance Structure
8.4.Two-Stage Random Effects Formulation
8.5.Choice among Random Effects Covariance Models
8.6.Prediction of Random Effects
8.7.Prediction and Shrinkage
8.8.Case Studies
8.9.Computing: Fitting Linear Mixed Effects Models Using PROC MIXED in SAS
8.10.Further Reading
9.Fixed Effects versus Random Effects Models
9.1.Introduction
9.2.Linear Fixed Effects Models
Contents note continued: 9.3.Fixed Effects versus Random Effects: Bias-Variance Trade-off
9.4.Resolving the Dilemma of Choosing Between Fixed and Random Effects Models
9.5.Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Information
9.6.Case Study
9.7.Computing: Fitting Linear Fixed Effects Models Using PROC GLM in SAS
9.8.Computing: Decomposition of Between-Subject and Within-Subject Effects Using PROC MIXED in SAS
9.9.Further Reading
10.Residual Analyses and Diagnostics
10.1.Introduction
10.2.Residuals
10.3.Transformed Residuals
10.4.Aggregating Residuals
10.5.Semi-Variogram
10.6.Case Study
10.7.Summary
10.8.Further Reading
pt. III Generalized Linear Models for Longitudinal Data
11.Review of Generalized Linear Models
11.1.Introduction
11.2.Salient Features of Generalized Linear Models
11.3.Illustrative Examples
11.4.Ordinal Regression Models
11.5.Overdispersion
Contents note continued: 11.6.Computing: Fitting Generalized Linear Models Using PROC GENMOD in SAS
11.7.Overview of Generalized Linear Models
11.8.Further Reading
12.Marginal Models: Introduction and Overview
12.1.Introduction
12.2.Marginal Models for Longitudinal Data
12.3.Illustrative Examples of Marginal Models
12.4.Distributional Assumptions for Marginal Models
12.5.Further Reading
13.Marginal Models: Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE)
13.1.Introduction
13.2.Estimation of Marginal Models: Generalized Estimating Equations
13.3.Residual Analyses and Diagnostics
13.4.Case Studies
13.5.Marginal Models and Time-Varying Covariates
13.6.Computing: Generalized Estimating Equations Using PROC GENMOD in SAS
13.7.Further Reading
14.Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models
14.1.Introduction
14.2.Incorporating Random Effects in Generalized Linear Models
14.3.Interpretation of Regression Parameters
Contents note continued: 14.4.Overdispersion
14.5.Estimation and Inference
14.6.A Note on Conditional Maximum Likelihood
14.7.Case Studies
14.8.Computing: Fitting Generalized Linear Mixed Models Using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS
14.9.Further Reading
15.Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models: Approximate Methods of Estimation
15.1.Introduction
15.2.Penalized Quasi-Likelihood
15.3.Marginal Quasi-Likelihood
15.4.Cautionary Remarks on the Use of PQL and MQL
15.5.Case Studies
15.6.Computing: Fitting GLMMs Using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS
15.7.Basis of PQL and MQL Approximations
15.8.Further Reading
16.Contrasting Marginal and Mixed Effects Models
16.1.Introduction
16.2.Linear Models: A Special Case
16.3.Generalized Linear Models
16.4.Simple Numerical Illustration
16.5.Case Study
16.6.Conclusion
16.7.Further Reading
pt. IV Missing Data and Dropout
Contents note continued: 17.Missing Data and Dropout: Overview of Concepts and Methods
17.1.Introduction
17.2.Hierarchy of Missing Data Mechanisms
17.3.Implications for Longitudinal Analysis
17.4.Dropout
17.5.Common Approaches for Handling Dropout
17.6.Bias of Last Value Carried Forward Imputation
17.7.Further Reading
18.Missing Data and Dropout: Multiple Imputation and Weighting Methods
18.1.Introduction
18.2.Multiple Imputation
18.3.Inverse Probability Weighted Methods
18.4.Case Studies
18.5."Sandwich" Variance Estimator Adjusting for Estimation of Weights
18.6.Computing: Multiple Imputation Using PROC MI in SAS
18.7.Computing: Inverse Probability Weighted (IPW) Methods in SAS
18.8.Further Reading
pt. V Advanced Topics for Longitudinal and Clustered Data
19.Smoothing Longitudinal Data: Semiparametric Regression Models
19.1.Introduction
19.2.Penalized Splines for a Univariate Response
19.3.Case Study
Contents note continued: 19.4.Penalized Splines for Longitudinal Data
19.5.Case Study
19.6.Fitting Smooth Curves to Individual Longitudinal Data
19.7.Case Study
19.8.Computing: Fitting Smooth Curves Using PROC MIXED in SAS
19.9.Further Reading
20.Sample Size and Power
20.1.Introduction
20.2.Sample Size for a Univariate Continuous Response
20.3.Sample Size for a Longitudinal Continuous Response
20.4.Sample Size for a Longitudinal Binary Response
20.5.Summary
20.6.Computing: Sample Size Calculation Using Pseudo-Data
20.7.Further Reading
21.Repeated Measures and Related Designs
21.1.Introduction
21.2.Repeated Measures Designs
21.3.Multiple Source Data
21.4.Case Study 1: Repeated Measures Experiment
21.5.Case Study 2: Multiple Source Data
21.6.Summary
21.7.Further Reading
22.Multilevel Models
22.1.Introduction
22.2.Multilevel Data
22.3.Multilevel Linear Models
22.4.Multilevel Generalized Linear Models
Contents note continued: 22.5.Summary
22.6.Further Reading.


Summary:

"Since the publication of the first edition, the authors have solicited feedback from both the instructors who use the book as a text for their courses as well as the researchers who use the book as a resource for their research. Thus, the improved Second Edition of Applied Longitudinal Analysis features many additions and revisions based on the feedback of readers, making it the go-to reference for applied use in public health, epidemiology, and pharmaceutical sciences"

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