Machine generated contents note: 1.Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory /​ Russell Nicholls
From Plato's Wax Tablet to Genes
Memory Processes
Brain Structures Underlying Memory Processes
Cellular Basis of Memory
The Role of CREB in Memory
Pathways Activating CREB
HDACs/​HATs Role in Gene Transcription
References
2.When Cognitive Decline Becomes Pathology: From Normal Aging to Alzheimer's Disease /​ David P. Salmon
Models of Cognitive Decline in Healthy Aging
Distinguishing AD-Associated Cognitive Decline from Normal Aging
Distinguishing Preclinical AD from Normal Aging with Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
Memory Deficits in Preclinical AD
Asymmetric Cognitive Decline in Preclinical AD
Summary and Conclusions
3.Adult Neurogenesis and Cognitive Function: Relevance for Disorders Associated with Human Aging /​ Robert J. Schloesser
Introduction
Identification and Characterization of Adult Neurogenesis
Contents note continued: Development and Maturation of Adult-Born Neurons
Adult Mammalian Hippocampal Circuitry
Factors Affecting Adult Neurogenesis
Proposed Functions of Adult Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis, Hippocampal Dysfunction, and Alzheimer's Disease
Methodologies for Studying Adult Neurogenesis
Conclusion
I.HALLMARKS AND GENETIC FORMS OF AD
4.The Amyloid β Precursor Protein and Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease /​ Robert A. Marr
The APP Gene and Its Homologs
The APP Protein, Its Domains, and Its Proteolytic Fragments
Intracellular Trafficking and Processing of APP
Cholesterol and APP Processing
APP-Interacting Proteins: Signal Transduction and Processing
Functions of APP
Does Aβ Have a Function?
APP Knockout Mice
APP and AD
5.Molecular Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Function: New Insights into Pathobiology of Tau /​ Li Gan
Contents note continued: Normal Production and Function of Tau
Pathogenic Tau
Tau-Mediated Neuronal Deficits
Targeting Tau in AD: Therapeutic Implications
II.GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS
6.Apolipoprotein E and Amyloid-β-Independent Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease /​ Guojun Bu
APOE Genotypes and Cognitive Functions in Nondemented Individuals
APOE and Cholesterol Metabolism in Synaptic Functions
APOE, Brain Glucose Metabolism, and Insulin Signaling
APOE, Mitochondria Dysfunction, and Tau Phosphorylation
APOE, ApoE Receptors, and Synaptic Functions
APOE and Cerebrovascular Functions
APOE and Inflammatory Response
Summary and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
7.Lifestyle and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Environmental Factors in Disease Development /​ Orly Lazarov
Epidemiological Studies
The Benefits of Cognitive Complexity Following the Onset of Dementia
Contents note continued: Physical Activity and Exercise
Chemical Exposure and AD Risk
Metals
Air Pollution and Tobacco Smoke
Nutrition and the Microbiome
Sleep and Circadian Rhythm
Socialization
8.Role of BACE1 in Cognitive Function, from Alzheimer's Disease to Traumatic Brain Injury /​ Giuseppina Tesco
BACE1
9.Traumatic Brain Injury and Rationale for a Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Diffuse Axonal Injury /​ Douglas H. Smith
Common TBI-Related Cognitive Deficits
Mechanisms of Cognitive Disturbance Following TBI
Diffuse Axonal Injury
DAI as a Mechanism of Cognitive Dysfunction Following TBI
Neurochemical and Neurometabolic Changes
Neurometabolic Changes as a Mechanism of Cognitive Dysfunction Following TBI
Focal Injuries
Focal Brain Injury as a Mechanism of Cognitive Dysfunction Following TBI
Neurodegenerative Processes
Contents note continued: Neurodegenerative Processes as a Mechanism of Cognitive Dysfunction Following TBI
Conclusions
10.Alzheimer's Disease and the Sleep
Wake Cycle /​ Li-Huei Tsai
To Sleep, Perchance to Learn
Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Decline
Sleep and Aβ Pathology: A Pathogenic Loop
Summary and Closing Remarks
11.Stroke, Cognitive Function, and Alzheimer's Disease /​ Alyson A. Miller
Stroke: An Overview
Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: AD, VaD, and VCI
The Role of the NVU in AD and VCI
VCI After Stroke
AD and Stroke
Prospects for Treatment and Prevention
12.Cerebral Innate Immunity: A New Conceptual Framework for Alzheimer's Disease /​ Terrence Town
Cerebral Innate Immunity in Alzheimer Pathoetiology
An Historical Perspective: Innate Immunity in AD
Contents note continued: Aβ Immunotherapy and the Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Amyloid Plaque Clearance
Novel Strategies for Targeting Peripheral Macrophages Versus Brain-Resident Microglia
Targeting Cardinal Anti-inflammatory Cytokines to Restrict Cerebral Amyloidosis
Chemokines Recruit Monocytes to Aβ Plaques and Dying Neurons
Blocking Inflammatory ILs 12 and 23 Prevents Plaque Buildup in Transgenic Mice
PPARγ Agonists Reduce Inflammation While Boosting Microglial Aβ Uptake
Inflammasome Activation in AD
Beclin 1 Regulates Microglial Phagocytosis and May Be Impaired in AD
A New Generation of AD Pharmacotherapeutics Targeting Innate Immunity
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
13.Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease /​ Marcelo G. Bonini
Epidemiology
T2DM: Clinical Description
Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes
Mechanism and Pathways
Contents note continued: Cerebrovascular Complications in T2DM: Implications for AD Development
Alzheimer's Disease: When Inflammation and Vascular Dysfunction Get to the Brain
References